Brain Stimulation

O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=160 SRC="FIGDIR/small/24313483v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (79K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1779fe3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a2283aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ff1d17org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ced82e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG The motor thalamus plays a crucial role in the integration and modulation of sensorimotor information and projects to the primary motor cortex. While voltage power spectral changes in the motor cortex with mo...

ObjectiveEffective deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment for Parkinsons disease requires careful adjustment of stimulation parameters and targeting to avoid motor side effects caused by activation of the internal capsule. Currently, patients must self-report side effects during device programming and implantation surgery - a challenging and subjective process that could lead to suboptimal therapy or exacerbate the time needed to optimize treatment. Motor evoked potentials (mEP), the use of elec...

ObjectiveIntuitively providing touch feedback from artificial hands to users with sensory loss remains a challenge. Although localized fingertip sensations can be evoked via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), feedback is generally optimized using psychometric tasks rather than mimicking the cortical response to touch. ApproachWe created an anatomically-informed and participant-specific model of the human somatosensory cortex (S1) region with an implanted microelectrode array (MEA). We perfo...

ObjectiveElectrode positioning errors contribute to variability of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects. We investigated the impact of electrode positioning errors on current flow for tDCS set-ups with different focality. MethodsDeviations from planned electrode positions were determined using data acquired in an experimental study (N=240 datasets) that administered conventional and focal tDCS during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Comparison of individualized electric field...

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex evokes tactile sensations whose location and properties can be systematically manipulated by varying the electrode and stimulation parameters1-3. This phenomenon can be used to convey feedback from a brain-controlled bionic hand about object interactions. However, ICMS currently provides an impoverished sense of touch, limiting dexterous object manipulation and conscious experience of neuroprosthetic systems. Leveraging our understand...

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) involves pulsed magnetic fields that pass through the scalp to stimulate the brain, with incidental stimulation to superficial nerves and muscles. From a research perspective, the tactile sensations can be a problematic confound, particularly when stimulation approaches an unpleasant or painful level. Additionally, tactile sensations contribute to difficult challenges in establishing an appropriate sham control condition. Clinically, some patients find sti...

Somatosensory feedback and attention are critical for the execution of dexterous behaviors. Indeed, tactile and proprioceptive signals are sent to motor cortex such that they can be integrated into the motor plan while the expectation of feedback can shape motor responses. One downside to many of the studies that have found these interactions is that motor cortex has always been studied within the framework of a motor task, potentially squashing many of the smaller signals present and making oth...

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for Parkinsons disease. Still, DBS parameter programming currently follows a tedious trial-and-error process. DBS-evoked cortical potentials (EP) might guide parameter selection but this concept has not yet been tested. Further, mounting wet EEG systems is too time-consuming to scale in outpatient clinic settings. Here, we test the utility of a novel method that leverages the spatial pattern of EP using a dry EEG setup. We acquired EP in 5...

BackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation intervention that has been investigated as a treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) and its co-occurring disorders. As the number of rTMS SUD clinical trials increase, the safety and tolerability profile should be assessed. In this systematic review, we investigate adverse events (AEs) of rTMS in individuals with SUD and factors that may influence their occurrence, including treatment status, and s...

Tobacco-related deaths exceed those resulting from homicides, suicides, motor vehicle accidence, alcohol consumption, illicit substance use, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), combined. Amongst U.S. veterans, this trend is particularly concerning given that those suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)--about 11% of those receiving care from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)--have triple the risk of developing tobacco use disorder (TUD). The most efficacious strateg...

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a difficult-to-treat condition with no FDA-approved medications. Recent work has turned to brain stimulation methods to help rectify hypofrontality and dopamine reward system changes often observed in individuals with CUD. Preliminary studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have demonstrated promising results, but there is room for optimization of the stimulation site, stimulation pattern, and identification of relevant biomarkers of TMS effects. The c...

BackgroundInternet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is officially listed as a behavioral addiction, exhibits high prevalence and has inadequate treatment efficacy. Targeting craving triggered by gaming cues represents a critical therapeutic objective. This study aimed to establish optimizing neuro-electrophysiologic biomarkers for IGD and develop a targeted neuromodulation protocol. MethodsIn an exploratory study, we identified the optimized electroencephalography (EEG) indicators of IGD diagnose and crav...

IntroductionRecording-enabled deep brain stimulation devices are used to treat individuals with a variety of neurological disorders, but current systems are only able to connect to a maximum of two brain leads. Off-label implantation of additional leads for unique clinical research questions requires bilateral implantable pulse generators (IPGs), however, slight mismatches in clock rates across IPGs produce mismatched stimulation frequencies. This mismatch creates high amplitude beat frequency a...

ObjectiveIntracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in somatosensory cortex can restore sensation to people who have lost it due to spinal cord injury or other conditions. One potential challenge for chronic ICMS is whether neural recording and stimulation can remain stable over many years. This is particularly relevant since the recording quality of implanted microelectrode arrays frequently experience degradation over time and stimulation safety has been considered a potential barrier to the clinic...

BackgroundIn neurophysiological research involving neural responses to electrical stimuli, each recording must be searched for evoked potentials (EPs) prior to further analysis. Conducting this process manually is time consuming for the researcher and also inserts bias. However, automated detection methods often struggle to distinguish between artifacts and neural responses, which can have highly complex and varying shapes. MethodsWe have developed a novel algorithm for automated detection of p...

Somatosensory brain-machine-interfaces (BMIs) can create naturalistic sensations by modulating activity of neural populations in the brain. By utilizing different spatial or temporal patterns of intra-cortical micro-stimulation (ICMS) in primary sensory cortex (S1), human patients suffering somatosensory loss can experience both cutaneous and proprioceptive sensory feedback. As evidenced by motor deficits in deafferented patients, rapid somatosensory feedback is critical for dexterous motor abil...

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWThis paper introduces a new figure-of-eight TMS coil design capable of delivering both real and sham TMS stimulation using a single coil. The design, emitted clicking noise, and induced tactile sensation provide no discernible indication of whether it is in the real or sham state, making it suitable for double-blind studies. This coil family comprises the E-z Cool Coil and Air Film Coil (AFC) and is compatible with Magstim Horizon stimulators. This single-coil TMS setup e...

Refractory neurological and psychiatric disorders are increasingly treated with brain stimulation therapies using implanted neuromodulation devices. Current commercially available stimulation systems, however, are limited by the need for implantable pulse generators and wired power; the complexity of this architecture creates multiple failure points including lead fractures, migration, and infection. Enabling less invasive approaches could increase access to these therapies. Here we demonstrate ...

BackgroundAwake deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery with microelectrode recording (MER) and test stimulation offers real-time physiologic feedback to refine lead placement, but its relevance is increasingly debated in an era of advanced imaging and streamlined asleep workflows. ObjectiveTo describe a contemporary framework for awake DBS with MER and to evaluate whether, in our hands, this approach results in a final lead position different from what we would have achieved with asleep DBS. Met...

An earlier version of this manuscript was removed owing to inclusion of confidential information relating to an individual